Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Sex, Previous Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, and Smoking History

Authors

  • Annes Rindy Permana Bachelor of Applied Nursing Anesthesiology, Institute of Science and Health Technology of dr. Soepraoen Hospital, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
  • Yusnita Harum Normalia Sari Bachelor of Applied Nursing Anesthesiology, Institute of Science and Health Technology of dr. Soepraoen Hospital, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
  • Suryanto Bachelor of Applied Nursing Anesthesiology, Institute of Science and Health Technology of dr. Soepraoen Hospital, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
  • Ircham Saifudin Bachelor of Applied Nursing Anesthesiology, Institute of Science and Health Technology of dr. Soepraoen Hospital, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2026.11.4.970

Abstract

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are among the most common compli­cations following anesthesia and surgery. Various factors patient characteristics including gender, history of PONV, and history of smoking status may affect the incidence of PONV. The aim of the study to estimate the effect of gender, history of PONV, and history of smoking in incidence of PONV among patient post anaesthesia.

Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was performed using the PICO model. Population: post-anesthesia patients. Intervention: female, history of PONV, history of smoking. Comparison: male, no history of PONV, no history of smoking. Output: PONV incidence. Data were obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Springer Link databases. The keywords used were "patient" AND "gender" OR "history of PONV" AND "history of smoking". The study includes full-text articles reporting on the design of case control studies. Data analysis is performed using the RevMan 5.3 application.

Results:  This meta-analysis included 8 studies with case control studies, obtained from South Korea, China, India, Ethiopia, Sweden. The total sample was 6,773 post-anesthesia patients. Gender (aOR= 2.37; 95%CI= 1.79 to 3.13; p<0.0001), and History of PONV was significantly associated with the outcome (aOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.05–8.23, p= 0.04). meanwhile history of smoking was not significantly associated with the outcome (aOR= 1.19; 95%CI= 0.45 to 3.21; p=0.72).

Conclusions: Female gender and positive history of PONV have an association on the incidence of PONV in post-anesthesia patient.

Keywords:

Gender, history of PONV, history of smoking, post-anesthesia patients

Published

2026-10-10

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Issue

Vol.11 No.4 (2026)

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Sex, Previous Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, and Smoking History. (2026). Indonesian Journal of Medicine, 274-289. https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2026.11.4.970

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