Anthrax Seroprevalence in Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract
Background: Anthrax is a zoonotic disease that is caused by Bacillus Anthracis is transmitted to humans through infected animal. The transmission to humans occurs when there is a contact to animals or animal products contracting anthrax. Clinical skin manifestations and anthrax serum Ig G antibody can be used to diagnose infected anthrax animals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anthrax based on ELISA serum Ig G antibody and clinical skin manifestations occurring in patients with anthrax.
Subjects and Method: This was a descriptive study with cross sectional design conducted in Sragen district, Central, Indonesia, in 2015. A sample of 101 patients infected with anthrax was examined based on clinical skin manifestations and anthrax serum Ig G antibody.
Results: 39.6% of the sample was 21 to 40 years of age. 57.4% of the sample was female. 74% of the sample completed primary school. 21% worked as farmers. 30.5% of the sample who cooked and consumed meat showed positive Ig G. Test results showed serum Ig G antibody negative 50%, 15.8% and 33.7% borderline positive. Clinical manifestations in the skin as much as 11.9%, which is the eschar on all respondents and 92.8% showed positive Ig G. While 88.1% did not show any clinical signs of anthrax.
Conclusion: The increase in serum antibody titer Ig G anthrax is not all respondents were exposed, in an area that otherwise outbreak of anthrax, which is only a third of all respondents, and when it comes up eschar will be followed by an increase in Ig G antibody titer.
Keywords: cutaneous anthrax, Ig G antibody ELISA, eschar
Correspondence: Dhani Redhon. Sub Division Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine.
Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2016), 1(2): 129-135
https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2016.01.02.07
References
Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL. Eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 16th ed. McGraw Hill; New York: 892-899.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). Guidelines anthrax. www.CDC.
Cieslak TJ, Eitzen E (2005). Clinical and epidemiologic principles of anthrax. Emerging infectious diseases; (5): 552-555.
Dirgahayu P (2011). Laboratory tests immunoassay based anthrax detection. Herman G. Anthrax: 18- 26.
Dixon TC, Meselson BSM, Guillemin J, Hanna PC (2005). Anthrax. N Engl J Med; 341: 815-826.
Stern EJ, Uhde KB, Shadomy SV, Messonnier N (2008) CDC Case Definition. Public Health and Clinical Guidelines for Anthrax Affiliation 14.
Friedlander AM (2008). Anthrax. In: Medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare.www.nbcmed.org/ Site Content/HomePage/ WhatsNew/MedAspects/Ch22/electrv699.pdf.
Geoffrey Scott (2009). Anthrax. In: Mansons's Tropical Diseases 21st ed. Elsevier: China: 1109 –1111.
Holmes RK (2009). Diphtheria, other corynebacterial infection and anthrax. In: Fauci AS,
Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, Bartlett JG (2005). Anthrax as a biological weapon of medical and public health management. JAMA; 281: 1735-1745.
Inglesby TV, O'Toole T, Henderson DA, Bartlett JG, Ascher MS, Eitzen (2002). Anthrax as a biological weapon: Recommendations for management updated. JAMA, 287; (17): 2236-2252.
Mardiatmo (2011). Anthrax disease prevention policies. Herman G. Anthrax: 32-36
Pile JC, JD Malone, Eitzen EM, Friedlander AM. (2005). Anthrax as a potential biological warfare agent. Arch Intern Med, 158: 429-34.
Redhono D, Sumandjar T, Hermawan G (2011). Mapping anthrax in Central Java. Herman G. Anthrax: 11- 17.
Shafazand S, Doyle R, Ruoss S, Weinacker A, Raffin TA (2005). Inhalation anthrax, Epidemiology, diagnosis and management. Chest; 116: 1369-1376.
Sutarti E (2011). Anticipation of anthrax in animals. Herman G. Anthrax: 40-46.
Swartz MN (2001). Recognition and management of anthrax an update. NEJM, 345: 1621-1626.
WHO (2010). Guidelines for the surveillance and control of anthrax in humans and animals.www/who.int/emcdocument/zoonoses/docs/ whoczd.html.
