Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Quality of Life in the Elderly
Abstract
Background: The aging process occurs so fast, therefore the quality of life of the elderly needs to be very concerned. Cardiorespiratory fitness is one of the predictor factors to improve the quality of life in the elderly. The study aims to find out whether there is a relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and the quality of life of the elderly.
Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Dukuh Pepe, Kwarasan, Juwiring, Klaten, Central Java. A sample of 31 elderly (aged 50-70 years) was selected using the purposive sampling method. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variable was cardiorespiratory fitness. Quality of life was measured by Ina's whoqol-breff questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by a six-minute walking test. The data were analyzed with the spearman correlation test and the simple linear regression test.
Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness improved the quality of life in the elderly in the physical health domain (OR= 44.55; 95% CI= 20.49 to 68.62), psychological domain (OR= 51. 14; 95% CI= 26.10 to 76.19), personal relationship domain, (OR= 76.94; 95% CI= 52.57 to 101.30), environmental domain (OR= 78.92; 95% CI= 49.51 to 108.33) although it was statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: There was no relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and the quality of life of the elderly in rural areas in the aspects of the physical health domain, the psychological domain, the personal relationship domain, and the environmental domain.
Keywords: cardiorespiratory fitness, quality of life, elderly, six-minute walking test, whoqol-breff.
Correspondence: Farid Rahman. Physiotherapy Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Jl. Ahmad Yani, Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta, Central Java 57162, Indonesia. Email: Fr280@ums.ac.id. Mobile: 085223333141.
Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(04): 371-378
https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.04.02
References
Samadarshi SCA, Taechaboonsermsak P, Tipayamongkholgul M, Yodmai K (2022). Quality of life and associated factors amongst older adults in a remote community Nepal. J. Health Res. 36(1): 56–67. Doi: 10.1108/JHR0120200023.
Apple R, Samuels LR, Fonnesbeck C, Schlundt D, Mulvaney S, Hargreaves M, Crenshaw D, et al. (2018). Body mass index and health related quality of life. Obes. Sci. Pract. 4(5): 417–426. Doi: 10.1002/osp4.292.
Ativie RN, Onah UE (2019). Relationship between selected risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and the quality of life. Open j. ther. rehabil. 07(03): 106–119. Doi: 10.4236/ojtr.2019.73007.
Baernholdt M, Yan G, Hinton I, Rose K, Mattos M (2020). Quality of Life in rural and urban adults 65 years and older: findings from the national health and nutrition examination survey. 1–9. Doi: 10.1111/j.17480361.2011.00403.x.
Bolina AF (2014). Quality of life of elderly. comparison between urban and rural areas. Invest Educ Enferm. 32(3): 40113. Doi: 10.17533/udea.iee.v32n3a05.
Clennin MN, Payne JPW, Rienzi EG, Lavie CJ, Blair SN, Pate RR, Sui X (2015). Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and healthrelated quality of life among patients at risk for cardiovascular disease in Uruguay. PLoS ONE. 10(4): 1–14. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123989.
Diena Azzahro, Fahma, Fahrun Nur Rosyid (2016). Hubungan antara tingkat depresi dengan kualitas hidup lanjut usia di panti wredha darma bhakti pajang surakarta.
Eddolls WTB, McNarry MA, Lester L, Winn CON, Stratton G, Mackintosh KA (2018). The association between physical activity, fitness and body mass index on mental wellbeing and quality of life in adolescents. Qual. Life Res. 27(9): 2313–2320. Doi: 10.1007/s1113601819153.
Evaristo OS, Moreira C, Lopes L, Abreu S, AgostinisSobrinho C, OliveiraSantos J, Oliveira A, et al. (2019). Cardiorespiratory fitness and healthrelated quality of life in adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from the LabMed Physical Activity Study. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 31(6). Doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23304.
Farajzadegan Z, Koosha P, Sufi GJ, Keshvari M (2013). The relationship between family function and women’s wellbeing. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 18(1): 9–13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23983721.
Garbaccio JL, Tonaco LAB, Estêvão WG, Barcelos BJ (2018). Aging and quality of life of elderly people in rural areas. Rev Bras Enferm. 71(2): 724–732. Doi: 10.1590/0034716720170149.
Ghosh D, Dinda S (2020). Determinants of the quality of life among elderly: comparison between china and india. international journal of community and social development. 2(1): 71–98. Doi: 10.1177/2516602620911835.
Gobbens RJJ, Van Assen MALM (2018). Associations of lingkunganal factors with quality of life in older adults. gerontologist. 58(1): 101–110. Doi: 10.1093/geront/gnx051.
Hakola L (2015). Cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity. Thesis. University of Eastern Finland.
Hidayati AR, Gondodiputro S, Rahmiati L (2018). Elderly profile of quality of life using whoqolbref indonesian version: a communitydwelling. Althea Med. J. 5(2): 105–110. Doi: 10.15850/amj.v5n2.1417.
Kakkar R, Aggarwal P, Semwal J (2017). Quality of Life (QOL) among the elderly in rural dehradun. Indian J. Community Health. 29(01). Doi: 10.47203/IJCH.2017.v29i01.007.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2017). Situasi lansia di Indonesia tahun 2017: Gambar struktur umur penduduk indonesia tahun 2017. Pusat Data Dan Informasi, 19.
Kim H, Kim H, Byun B (2015). Predictors of pain, perceived health status, nutriational risk, social support and selftranscendence on depression among lower income senior citizens. Indian J Sci Technol. 8: 178–188. Doi: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8iS1/59099.
Kim S (2022). Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome in korean older adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 19(6). Doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063671.
Kohler R, Rorato P, Braga ALF, Velho RB, Krause MP (2016). Effects of aging and exercise on the cardiorespiratory fitness of older women. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 19(4): 603–612. Doi: 10.1590/180998232016019.150092.
Nugraha S, Aprillia YT (2020). Healthrelated quality of life among the elderly living in the community and nursing home. J. Kesmas. 15(3): 419–425. Doi: 10.15294/kemas.v15i3.21282.
Cicih LHM (2019). Lansia di era bonus demografi. J. kependudukan Indones. 17(1).
Seangpraw K, Ratanasiripong NT, Ratanasiripong P (2019). Predictors of quality of life of the rural older adults in Northern Thailand. J. Health Res. 33(6): 450–459. Doi: 10.1108/JHR1120180142.
Soósová MS (2016). Determinants of quality of life in the elderly. Cent. Eur. J. Nurs. 7(3): 484–493. Doi: 10.15452/CEJNM.2016.07.0019.
Ulfah NH, Wismaningsih ER (2018). The Description of quality of life of the elderly using WHOQOLBREF. Isoph. 133–140. Doi: 10.5220/0007510301330140
Wong FY, Yang L, Yuen JWM, Chang KKP, Wong FKY (2018). Assessing quality of life using WHOQOLBREF: A crosssectional study on the association between quality of life and neighborhood environmental satisfaction, and the mediating effect of healthrelated behaviors. BMC Public Health. 18(1): 1–14. Doi: 10.1186/s1288901859423.
