Meta-Analysis Effectiveness of Massage on Spasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Abstract
Background: Children with spastic cerebral palsy generally experience spasticity in the upper and lower extremities. Spasticity is stiffness that occurs due to damage to the central nervous system caused during the child's growth and development from prenatal to postnatal. Spasticity can be controlled with intervention. The purpose of this study is to analyze, and estimate the effectiveness of massage for spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.
Subjects and Method: This study uses a meta-analysis study design with PICO as follows: P= children with cerebral palsy, I= massage, C= non massage, O= Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). The article search process was carried out between 2000-2020 using databases from PubMed, Google Scholar, PEDro, NCBI. Based on the database, there were 9 articles that met the inclusion criteria. This study involved 817 articles. The analysis was performed using Review Manager software (RevMan 5.3).
Results A total of 9 Randomized Control Trial (RCT) studies from Europe, America, Asia and Africa were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. COVID-19 patients receiving Ivermectin therapy decreased the duration of hospital stay by 1.52 units compared to standard therapy and this result was statistically significant (SMD= -1.52; 95% CI= -2.34 to -0.70; p= 0.003).
Conclusion: Ivermectin can reduce the duration of hospital stay for COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: Massage, cerebral palsy, Modified Ashworth Scale, meta analisis
Correspondence: Salma Muazarroh. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl.Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: salma.azza@gmail.com. Mobile: 085642431178.
Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(02): 209-218
https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.02.09
References
Ahn E, Kang H (2018). Introduction to systematic review and meta analysis: A health care perspective. Korean J Anaesthesiol. 71(2): 1–38. Doi: 10.4097/kjae.2018.71.2.103
Alizad V, Sajedi F, Vameghi R (2009). Muscle tonicity of children with spastic cerebral palsy: how effective is swedish massage?. Irian. J. Child Neurol. 6(10): 95–99.
Bhalara A, Dhaval T (2014). Short term effect of myofascial release on calf muscle spasticity in spastic. Int. J. Health Sci. Res. 188–94. ISSN: 22499571.
Bingöl H, Özlem Y (2018). Exercise therapy and rehabilitation effects of functional massage on spasticity and motor functions in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled study. J Exerc Rehabil. 5(3):135142.
Buttagat V, Eungpinichpong W, Chatchawan U, Arayawichanon P (2012). Therapeutic effects of traditional thai massage on pain, muscle tension and anxiety in patients with scapulocostal syndrome. J Bodyw MovTher. 16: 5763. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2011.04.005
Güçhan Z, Akmer M (2017). The effectiveness of taping on children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 59(1): 26–30. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13212
Ibrahim MM, Eid MA, Moawd SA (2014). Effect of wholebody vibration on muscle strength, spasticity, and motor performance in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy children. Egypt. J. Med. Hum. Genet. 15(2):173–79. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2014.02.007.
Jahan I, karim T, Muhit M, Hardianto D (2020). Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in Sumba Island, Indonesia. Dev Med Child Neurol. 62(12): 1414–22. doi : 10.1111/dmcn.14616.
Khandaker G, Muhit M, Karim T, Sheedy H, Novak I, Badawi N (2019). Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in bangladesh: A populationbased surveillance study. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 61(5): 601–9. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14013.
Kumar C, Vaidya SN (2014). Effectiveness of myofascial release on spasticity and lower extremity function in diplegic cerebral palsy: randomized controlled trial. Int. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med. 03(01): 1–9. doi: 10.4172/23299096.100025
Mahmood Q, Habibullah S, Babur M, Naveed (2019). Potential effects of traditional massage on spasticity and gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial. Pak. J. Med. Sci. 35(5): 1210–15. doi : 10.12669/pjms.35.5.478
Mahmood Q, Habibullah S, Babur M (2020). The effects of traditional massage on spasticity of children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 70(5):80914. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.24442.
Malila P, Seeda K, Salangsing N (2015). Effects of massage on spasticity in young people with cerebral palsy. J Med Assoc Thai. 98: S92–96.26387418.
Malila P, Howhan A, Kaewjunda C, Peungsuwan P (2019). Comparison of immediate effect between traditional thai massage and passive static stretching on alteration of spasticity and walking ability in children with cerebral palsy. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 31(3). doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.7
Mewada V, Barot K, Patel C, Solanki V, Chaudhari P (2021). Effectiveness of surged faradic current and myofascial release technique on lower limb muscles in spastic cerebral palsy patient A Case Study. J. Med. Sci. Clin. Res. 9(3): 239:242. doi: 10.18535/jmscr/v9i3.4
Miller F, Bachrach S (2012). Cerebral palsy A complete guide for caregiving second edition. Arch Dis Child. PMC2083126801883555.
Oskoui M, Coutinho F, Dykeman J, Jette N, Pringsheim T (2013). An update on the prevalence of cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 55(6): 509–519. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12080.
Rasool F, Memon AR, Kiyani M, Mustafa S, Abdul G (2017). The effect of deep cross friction massage on spasticity of children with cerebral palsy: A DoubleBlind Randomised Controlled Trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 67(1): 87–91.
Richards CL, Malouin F (2013). Cerebral palsy: definition, assessment and rehabilitation. Handb Clin Neurol. 111: 183195. doi: 10.1016/B9780444528919.00018X.
Saçaklıdır R, SanalTop MTD, Saygi EK (2019). Duruöz Hand Index: Is It valid and reliable in children with unilateral cerebral palsy? Dev Neurohabil. 22(2): 75–79. doi: 10.1080/17518423.2017.1326536.
Woodall WH, Montgomery DC (2014). Some current directions in the theory and application of statistical process monitoring. J. Qual. Technol. 46(1).
