The Effects of Ethanol Extract, Chayote (Sechium Edule (Jacq.) Swartz) Fraction and Juice on the High-density Lipoprotein Level in Male White Mice
Abstract
Background: Cholesterol imbalance occurs in Diabetes Mellitus, where high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are low and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) increases, where this imbalance results in the appearance of atherosclerosis. HDL has antiarterosclerotic potential so it needs to be targeted for therapy. One of the bioactive compounds that have this effect is found in chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz). This study aimed to examine the effects of ethanol extract, Chayote (Sechium Edule (Jacq.) Swartz) fraction and juice on the hdl level in male white mice
Subjects and Method: A randomized controlled trial study was conducted to test HDL level in 54 male white rats of the Wistar strain (Rattus novergius sp.) after received ethanol extract, Chayote (Sechium Edule (Jacq.) Swartz) fraction and juice. The dependent variable was the HDL level. The independent variable was the variation in the dose of ethanol extract, fraction and Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz Juice. The data were analyzed using Anova test.
Results: The treatment group induced by Streptozotocin 50 mg / kgBW + nicotinamide (120 mg/kgBW) + HFD and obtained ethanol extract of chayote fruit 150 mg / kgBW, orally had the highest average HDL levels compared to other groups (Mean = 17.31; SD = 3.14).
Conclusion: The ethanol solvent found in the ethanol extract is better because it attracts biaoctive compounds so that it has a better effect than the ethyl acetate fraction and the n-hexane fraction.
Conclusion: The ethanol solvent found in the ethanol extract is better because it attracts biaoctive compounds so that it has a better effect than the ethyl acetate fraction and the n-hexane fraction.
Keywords: HDL, Flavonoid, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz
Correspondence: Jekson Martiar Siahaan. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Jl. Setia Budi Pasar II Tj. Sari, Medan 20132, North Sumatera. Email: jekson.siahaan.sked@gmail.com
Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2021), 06(02): 145-151
https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2021.06.02.03
References
Barter PJ (2011).The causes and consequences of low levels of high density lipoproteins in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Metab J. 35(2): 101–106. https://dx.doi.org/10.4093%2Fdmj.2011.35.2.101.
Farbstein D, Levy AP (2012). HDL dys-function in diabetes: causes and possible treatments. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 10(3): 353-361. https://-doi.org/10.1586/erc.11.182
Hirano T (2018). Pathophysiology of diabetic dyslipidemia. J Atheroscler Thromb. 25(9): 771–782. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.rv17023.
Poznyak A, Grecho AV, Poggio P, Myasoedova VA, Alfieri V, Orekhov AN (2020). The diabetes mellitus–atherosclerosis connection: The role of lipid and glucose metabolism and chronic inflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 21(5):1835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051835.Younis NN, Durrington PN (2012). HDL functionality in diabetes mellitus: potential importance of glycation. Clinical Lipidology. 7(5): 561-578. https://doi.org/10.2217/clp.12.60.
Femlak M, Gluba-Brzózka A, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Rysz J (2017). The role and function of HDL in patients with dia-betes mellitus and the related cardio-vascular risk. Lipids Health Dis. 16(1): 207. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-017-0594-3.
Bjornstad P, Eckel RH (2018). Pathogenesis of lipid disorders in insulin resistance: A brief review. Curr Diab Rep. 18(12): 127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-1101-6.
Tavori H, Rosenblat M, Vaya J, Aviram M (2010). Paraoxonase 1 interactions with atherosclerotic lesions and arterial macrophages protect against foam cell formation and atherosclerosis development. Clin Lipidology. 5: 5, 685-697. https://doi.org/10.2217/clp-.10.57.
Millar CL, Duclos Q, Blesso CN (2017). Effects of dietary flavonoids on reverse cholesterol transport, HDL metabolism, and HDL function. Adv Nutr. 8(2): 226–239. https://doi.org-/10.3945/an.116.014050.
Siahaan JM, Julianto E, Silitonga HA (2019).The effects of ethanol extract and ethyl acetatefractionation of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz on triglyceride levelsin male rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indones J Med. 4(4): 371-375. https://doi.org/-10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.04.10.
Wu CH, Ou TT, Chang CH, Chang XZ, Yang MY, Wang CJ (2014). The polyphenol extract from sechium edule shoots inhibits lipogenesis and stimulates lipolysis via activation of AMPK signals in HepG2 Cells. J Agric Food Chem. 62(3): 750-759. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf404611a.
Neeraja K, Debnath R, Firdous S (2015). Cardioprotective activity of fruits of Sechium edule. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 10(1): 125-130. https://doi.-org/10.3329/bjp.v10i1.21329.Vieira EF, Pinho O, Ferreira IMPLVO, Delerue-Matos C (2018). Chayote (Sechium edule): A review of nutritional composition, bioactivities and potential applications. Food Chemistry. 275: 557-568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.146.
Yao YS, Li TD, Zeng ZH (2020). Mecha-nisms underlying direct actions of hyperlipidemia on myocardium: An updated review. Lipids Health Dis. 19(1): 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s1-2944-019-1171-8.
Saleh FR (2016). Antibacterial activity of seeds of Iraqi dates. J Bio Innov. 5(2): 313-318.https://www.jbino.-com/docs/Issue02_17_2016.pdf.
Da’i M, Wardani RZ, Saifudin A (2020). Isolation and identification of active antioxidant compounds from ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of meniran herb (Phyllantus Niruri L.). EurAsian Journal of BioSciences. 14: 5461-5467.
Siahaan JM (2020). Impressi ekstrak eta-nol buah labu siam: Tinjauan kritis ekstrak etanol buah labu siam dan stress oksidatif tikus putih model diabetes tipe 2. Tasikmalaya: Edu Publisher.
Zeka K, Ruparelia K, Arroo RRJ, Budresi R, Micucci M (2017). Flavonoids and their metabolites: Prevention in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Diseases. 5(3):19. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases5030019.
Yao J, Chen P, Apraku A, Zhang G, huang Z, hua X (2019). Hydrolysable tannin supplementation alters digestibility and utilization of dietary protein, lipid, and carbohydrate in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Front Nutr. 6: 183. https://doi.org/10.3389-/fnut.2019.00183.
Velayutham R, Sankaradoss N, Ahamed KFHN (2012). Protective effect of tannins from Ficus racemosa in hypercholesterolemia and diabetes induced vascular tissue damage in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 5(5):367-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60-061-3.
Oh EK, Ahn Y, Kwon O (2018). Persimmon tannin regulates gene expressions important for lipogenesis and cholesterol efflux in HepG2 cells. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB).31(1): 218. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.lb218.
Marrelli M, Conforti F, Araniti F, Statti GA (2016). Effects of saponins on lipid metabolism: A review of potential health benefits in the treatmentof obesity. Molecules. 21(1)): 1404. https://doi.org/10.3390/m-olecules21101404.
Liu T, Li Z, Wang T, Zhu X (2016). Effects of alfalfa saponins on cholesterol metabolism in broilers. J Nutr Food Sci. 6: 546. doi: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000546.
Kata FS, Athbi AM, Manwar EQ, Al-Ashoor A, Abdel-Daim MM, Aleya L (2018). Therapeutic effect of the alkaloid extract of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis on the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic male rabbits. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 25(20): 19635–19642. https://doi.org/10.100-7/s11356-018-2170-4.
