Risk Factors of Behavioral Problems in Pediatric Epilepsy
Abstract
Background: Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorders in children and the number of case for epilepsy still increasing. Epilepsy can affect children and their growth physically, psychologically, and socially, yet the treatment of behavioral problems in pediatric epilepsy is still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the association of frequency of seizure, type of seizure, duration of illness, and use of antiepileptic drug with behavioral disorder in children with epilepsy.
Subjects and Method: This was an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted at Pediatric Neurology Unit of Dr. Moewardi hospital, Surakarta, from September to October 2016. A sample of 50 pediatric patients with epilepsy was selected for this study. Parents or caregivers completed behavioral problems screening tool Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17) and were interviewed about frequency of seizure, type of seizure, duration of illness, and use of antiepileptic drug. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression.
Results: Frequent seizure (OR= 3.09; 95% CI= 0.89 to 10.59; p= 0.068) increased behavioral problem. Being treated with ≥1 anti-epileptic drugs (OR= 1.58; 95% CI= 0.44 to 5.71; p= 0.521) increased behavioral problem, but it was statistically non-significant. Type of seizure (OR= 1.01; 95% CI= 0.32 to 3.20; p= 0.991) and duration of illness ≥1 year (OR= 1.03; 95% CI= 0.22 to 4.89; p= 1.000) were not associated with behavioural problem.
Conclusion: Frequent seizure increase behavioral problem
Keywords: epilepsy, behavioral problems, pediatrics
Correspondence: Fadhilah Tia Nur. Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: fadhilah.harris@gmail.com
Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2020), 05(02): 162-169
https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.02.11
References
Adewuya AO, Oseni SBA, Okeniyi JAO (2006). School performance of Nigerian adolescents with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 47(2):415-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00437.x
Austin J, Caplan R (2007). Behavioral and psychiatric comorbidities in pediatric epilepsy: Toward an integrative model. Epilepsia, 48(9): 1639-1651. Https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01154.x
Bourgeis BFD (2004). Determining the effects of antiepileptic drugs on cognitive function in pediatric patient with epilepsy. J Child Neurol. 19(1): 15-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/088307380401900103
Buelow JM, Austin JK, Perkins S, Shen J, Dunn D, Fastenau P (2003). Behavior and mental health problems in children with epilepsy and low IQ. Dev Med Child Neurol. 45(1): 683 – 692. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0012162203001270
Caplan R, Siddarth P, Gurbani S, Oh D, Sankar R, Shields WD (2004). Psychopathology and pediatri complex partial seizures: seizurerelated, cognitive, linguistic, variables. Epilepsia, 45(10): 1273-1286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.00139580.2004.58703.x
Caplan R, Siddarth P, Gurbani S, Hanson R, Sankar R, Shields WD (2005). Depression and anxiety disorders in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsia. 246(5): 720 – 730. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15281167.2005.43604.x
Caplan R, Siddarth P, Gurbani S, Lanphier E, Koh S, Sankar R (2006). Thought disourder: a developmental disability in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsy behave. 8(4): 726 – 735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.03.009
Cornaggia CM, Beghi M, Provenzi M, Beghi E (2006). Correlation between cognition and behavior in epilepsy. Epilepsia, 47(2): 34 – 9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15281167.2006.00685.x
Datta S, Premkumar T, Chandy S, Kumar S, Kirubakaran C, Gnanamuthu C, Cherian A (2005). Behaviour problems in children and adolescents with seizure disorder: associations and risk factors. Seizure, 14(3): 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2005.01.007.
deBoer HM, Mula M, Sander JW (2008). The global burden and stigma of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 12(4):540-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.12.019.
Dunn D, Austin J, Caffrey H, Perkins S (2003). A prospective study of teachers’ ratings of behavior problems in children with new onset seizures. Epilepsy Behav, 4(1): 26 – 35. https://doi.org/10.1016/s15255050(02)00642-x.
Freilinger M, Reisel B, Reiter E, Zelonko M, Hauser E, Seidl R (2006). Behavioral and emotional problems in children with epilepsy. J Child Neurol. 21(11): 939 – 45. https://doi.org/10.1177/08830738060210110501
Harbord MG (2000). Significant anticonvulsant side effects in children and adolescent. J Clin Neurosci, 7(3): 213 – 216. https://doi.org/10.1054/jocn.1999.0190.
Ikawati Z (2011). Epilepsi, Dalam Farmakoterapi Penyakit Sistem Saraf Pusat. Yogyakarta: Bursa Ilmu.
Jellinek MS, Murphy JM, Robinson J, Feins A, Lamb S, Fenton T (1988). Pediatric symptom checklist: Screening schoolage children for psychosocial dysfunction. 112(2):201-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s00223476(88)80056-8
Lavina A, Widodo DP, Nurdadi S, Tridjaja B (2015). Faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi gangguan perilaku pada anak epilepsi. Sari Pediatri, 16(6): 410-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp16.6.2015.409-15
Manning AR (2012). Screening, Improving the Utility of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist for Mental Health. Charleston: BiblioBazaar.
Murphy JM, Ichinose C, Hicks RC, Kingdon D, Crist WhitzeL J, Jordan P, Feldman G and Jellinek MS (1996). Utility of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist as a psychosocial screen to meet the federal Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT) standards: A pilot study. J Pediatr. 129(6): 864-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s00223476(96)70030-6
Novriska D, Sutomo R, Setyati S (2014). Behavioral problems in children with epilepsy. Pediatrica Indonesian, 54(2): 326. https://doi.org/10.14238/pi54.6.2014.324-9
Oostrom KJ, Smeets Schouten A, Kruitwagen CLJJ, Peters ACB, Jennekens Schinkel A, Dutch Study Group of Epilepsy in Childhood (2003). Not only a matter of epilepsy: early problems of cognition and behavior in children with “epilepsy only” a prospective, longitudinal, controlled study starting at diagnosis. Pediatrics. 112(6 Pt 1): 1338-44. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.6.1338
Otto D, Siddarth P, Gurbani S, Koh S, Tournay A, Shields W, Caplan R (2003). Behavioral disorders in pediatric epilepsy: Unmet psychiatric need. Epilepsia, 44(4): 591-597. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.15281157.2003.25002.x.
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia (2012). Penegakan Diagnosis pada Penderita Epilepsi. Jakarta: PERDOSSI.
Pinzon R (2006). Karakteristik Epidemiologi Onset Anak-Anak; Telaah Pustaka Terkini. Jakarta: Dexa Media.
Purba J, S Wahyuni, M Nasution, W Daulay (2008). Asuhan Keperawatan pada Klien dengan Masalah Psikososial dan Gangguan Jiwa. Medan: USU Press.
Rodenburg R, Meijer A, Decovic M, Aldencamp A (2006). Famili predictors of psychopathology in children with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 47(3): 601-614. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00475.x
World Health Organization (2016). Epilepsy. 2016. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs999/en/